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文章目录
  1. 1. FFmpeg和Xuggle的简介
  2. 2. 方案一的具体实现
  3. 3. 方案二的具体实现
    1. 3.1. xuggle库转rtsp为rtmp
    2. 3.2. ffmpeg 命令直接 转rtsp为rtmp
  4. 4. 方案三的具体实现
  5. 5. 总结

最近在做一个流媒体的项目，项目中需要采集摄像头的视频流到网页界面实时播放，一般ip摄像头的流格式都是rtsp的，虽然可以通过vlc实时播放，但是不如浏览器观看给用户的体验简单。

根据查找的资料和实际的实践，目前发现的切实可行的方案有以下几种（因为项目是采用java开发，因此下面的代码也主要使用java实现）：

  1. 使用xuggle库直接解码rtsp流，将解码的一帧帧图片发送给浏览器，使用html5的video播放mjpeg格式，即图片的不断刷新；

  2. 使用xuggle库直接解码rtsp流，解码结果直接发送给rtmp服务器，然后浏览器使用flash直接播放rtmp的视频流；

  3. ffmpeg直接解码rtsp流，将解码结果使用http发送到nodejs服务器，nodejs服务器使用websocket发送给客户端，客户端使用canvas实时绘制图像；

下面详细介绍这几种方案。

FFmpeg和Xuggle的简介

FFmpeg是一个自由软件，可以运行音频和视频多种格式的录影、转换、流功能，包含了libavcodec——这是一个用于多个项目中音频和视频的解码器库，以及libavformat——一个音频与视频格式转换库。
FFmpeg的安装请参考：ubuntu上安装ffmpeg

xuggle官网是一个开源的资源库，能够让开发者更好的去对视频和音频文件进行解码、编码、以及录制等功能。xuggle是对ffmepg的封装，是一套基于ffmpeg的开发库。 使用非常方便。 在java中使用时，请在eclipse中导入其jar包。 xuggle-5.4-jar包下载

方案一的具体实现

xuggle读取rtsp摄像头的代码如下：
import包如下：

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import com.xuggle.mediatool.IMediaReader;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.MediaListenerAdapter;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.ToolFactory;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.event.IVideoPictureEvent;

其中：streamLocation是需要读取的rtsp地址

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mediaReader = ToolFactory.makeReader(streamLocation);
mediaReader.setBufferedImageTypeToGenerate(BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR）;
mediaReader.addListener(this);
while (mediaReader.readPacket() == null && running ) ;
mediaReader.close();

上面这段代码实现了rtsp的持续读取，那么读取到的数据怎么获取，很简单，实现以下的帧回调函数onVideoPicture即可。

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/**
 * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame
 */
public void onVideoPicture(IVideoPictureEvent event) {
	BufferedImage frame = event.getImage();
	//stream是用户自定义的rtsp视频流的id，例如;streamId = this.hashcode()即可
	images.put(streamId ,frame);
	frameNr++;
}

以上的images是使用guava库的Cache建立的代码如下：

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import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;

private static Cache<String, BufferedImage> images = null;

使用html5 video标签+javax.ws.rs实现的网页显示代码如下：

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import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.ws.rs.DefaultValue;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.QueryParam;
import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Application;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
import javax.ws.rs.core.StreamingOutput;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
import com.sun.jersey.api.container.httpserver.HttpServerFactory;
import com.sun.jersey.api.core.ApplicationAdapter;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;

/**
 * A simple webservice used to view results MJPEG streams. 
 * The webservice supports a number of calls different calls:
 * <ol>
 * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/streams : lists the available JPG and MJPEG urls
 * </li>
 * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/picture/{streamid}.jpg : url to grab jpg
 * pictures</li>
 * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/tiles : provides a visual overview of all the
 * streams available at this service. Clicking an image will open the mjpeg
 * stream</li>
 * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg : provides a possibly
 * never ending mjpeg formatted stream</li>
 * </ol>
 * 
 * The service runs on port 8558 by default but this can be changed by using the
 * port(int) method.
 * 
 * @author Corne Versloot
 *
 */

@Path("/streaming")
public class MjpegStreamingOp extends Application {

	private static Cache<String, BufferedImage> images = null;
	private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
	private HttpServer server;
	private int port = 8558;
	private int frameRate = 20;  // this parameter decide the sleep time

	public MjpegStreamingOp port(int nr) {
		this.port = nr;
		return this;
	}

	public MjpegStreamingOp framerate(int nr) {
		this.frameRate = nr;
		return this;
	}

	public void prepare() throws IllegalArgumentException, IOException {
	    //此处需要修改为从rtsp读进来的images存放的类
		images = TCPClient.getImages();
		ApplicationAdapter connector = new ApplicationAdapter(
				new MjpegStreamingOp());
		server = HttpServerFactory.create("http://localhost:" + port + "/",
				connector);
		server.start();
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the classes to be used as resources for this application
	 */
	public Set<Class<?>> getClasses() {
		Set<Class<?>> s = new HashSet<Class<?>>();
		s.add(MjpegStreamingOp.class);
		return s;
	}

	public void deactivate() {
		server.stop(0);
		images.invalidateAll();
		images.cleanUp();
	}

	@GET
	@Path("/streams")
	@Produces("text/plain")
	public String getStreamIds() throws IOException {
		String result = new String();
		for (String id : images.asMap().keySet()) {
			result += "/streaming/picture/" + id + ".jpeg\r\n";
		}
		System.out.println("\r\n");
		for (String id : images.asMap().keySet()) {
			result += "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\r\n";
		}
		return result;
	}

	@GET
	@Path("/picture/{streamid}.jpeg")
	@Produces("image/jpg")
	public Response jpeg(@PathParam("streamid") final String streamId) {
		BufferedImage image = null;
		if ((image = images.getIfPresent(streamId)) != null) {
			ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			try {
				ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", baos);
				byte[] imageData = baos.toByteArray();
				return Response.ok(imageData).build(); // non streaming
				// return Response.ok(new
				// ByteArrayInputStream(imageDAta)).build(); // streaming
			} catch (IOException ioe) {
				logger.warn("Unable to write image to output", ioe);
				return Response.serverError().build();
			}
		} else {
			return Response.noContent().build();
		}
	}

	@GET
	@Path("/playmultiple")
	@Produces("text/html")
	public String showPlayers(@DefaultValue("3") @QueryParam("cols") int cols,
			@DefaultValue("0") @QueryParam("offset") int offset,
			@DefaultValue("6") @QueryParam("number") int number)
			throws IOException {
		// number = Math.min(6, number);
		String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players
		                </title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">";
		result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\">Streams: " + images.size()
				+ " (showing " + offset + " - "
				+ Math.min(images.size(), offset + number) + ")</font><br/>";
		result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; 
		           border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>";
		int videoNr = 0;
		for (String id : images.asMap().keySet()) {
			if (videoNr < offset) {
				videoNr++;
				continue;
			}
			if (videoNr - offset > 0 && (videoNr - offset) % cols == 0) {
				result += "</tr><tr>";
			}
			result += "<td><video poster=\"mjpeg/"
					+ id
					+ ".mjpeg\">"
					+ "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video></td>";
			// result +=
			// "<td><img src=\"http://"+InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
			                 +":"+port+"/streaming/mjpeg/"+id+".mjpeg\"></td>";
			if (videoNr > offset + number)
				break;
			videoNr++;
		}
		result += "</tr></table></body></html>";
		return result;
	}

	@GET
	@Path("/play")
	@Produces("text/html")
	public String showPlayers(@QueryParam("streamid") String streamId)
			throws IOException {
		String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream: " + streamId
				+ "</title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">";
		result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\"><a href=\"tiles\">Back</a></font><br/>";
		result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>";
		result += "<video poster=\"mjpeg/" + streamId + ".mjpeg\">"
				+ "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video>";
		return result;
	}

	@GET
	@Path("/tiles")
	@Produces("text/html")
	public String showTiles(@DefaultValue("3") @QueryParam("cols") int cols,
			@DefaultValue("-1") @QueryParam("width") float width)
			throws IOException {
		String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players</title>";
		result += "</head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">";

		result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>";
		int videoNr = 0;
		for (String id : images.asMap().keySet()) {
			if (videoNr > 0 && videoNr % cols == 0) {
				result += "</tr><tr>";
			}
			result += "<td><a href=\"play?streamid=" + id
					+ "\"><img src=\"picture/" + id + ".jpeg\" "
					+ (width > 0 ? "width=\"" + width + "\"" : "") + "/></a>";
			videoNr++;
		}
		result += "</tr></table></body></html>";
		return result;
	}

	@GET
	@Path("/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg")
	@Produces("multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=--BoundaryString\r\n")
	public Response mjpeg(@PathParam("streamid") final String streamId) {
		StreamingOutput output = new StreamingOutput() {
			private BufferedImage prevImage = null;
			private int sleep = 1000 / frameRate;

			@Override
			public void write(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException,
					WebApplicationException {
				BufferedImage image = null;
				try {
					while ((image = images.getIfPresent(streamId)) != null) 
						if (prevImage == null || !image.equals(prevImage)) {
							ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
							ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", baos);
							byte[] imageData = baos.toByteArray();
							outputStream
									.write(("--BoundaryString\r\n"
											+ "Content-type: image/jpeg\r\n"
											+ "Content-Length: "
											+ imageData.length + "\r\n\r\n")
											.getBytes());
							outputStream.write(imageData);
							outputStream.write("\r\n\r\n".getBytes());
							outputStream.flush();
						}
						Thread.sleep(sleep);
					}
					outputStream.flush();
					outputStream.close();
				} catch (IOException ioe) {
					logger.info("Steam for [" + streamId
							+ "] closed by client!");
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		};
		return Response.ok(output).header("Connection", "close")
				.header("Max-Age", "0").header("Expires", "0")
				.header("Cache-Control", "no-cache, private")
				.header("Pragma", "no-cache").build();
	}
}

以上代码参考自github上stormcv项目，项目地址为：https://github.com/sensorstorm/StormCV, 感谢原作者。

至此，打开网页 http://localhost:8558/streaming/tiles 即可查看到实时视频。

方案二的具体实现

xuggle库转rtsp为rtmp

rtsp的reader：

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import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.IMediaReader;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.MediaListenerAdapter;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.ToolFactory;
import com.xuggle.mediatool.event.IVideoPictureEvent;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.ICodec;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IContainer;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IVideoPicture;

/**
 * This class reads a video stream or file, decodes frames and transcode to rtmp stream
 * @author jkyan
 */
public class RTSPReader extends MediaListenerAdapter implements Runnable {
	private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RTSPReader.class);
	private IMediaReader mediaReader;
	private int frameSkip;
	private int groupSize;
	private long frameNr; // number of the frame read so far
	private boolean running = false; 
	// used to determine if the EOF was reached if Xuggler does not detect it
	private long lastRead = -1; 
	private int sleepTime = 0;

	private String streamName; 
	private String streamLocation = null;
	private RTMPWriter rtmpWriter = null;
	Double frameRate = 0.0;
	
    // frameskip和groupsize决定了需要读取的帧的数目，即采样率，
    // 例如，1,1时代表每一帧都需要读取，10,5时代表只需要[0 1 2 3 4] [10 11 12 13 14] ...
	public RTSPReader(String streamName, String streamLocation, 
	    int frameSkip, int groupSize, int sleepTime) {
		this.streamLocation = streamLocation;
		this.frameSkip = Math.max(1, frameSkip);
		this.groupSize = Math.max(1, groupSize);
		this.sleepTime = sleepTime;
		this.streamName = streamName;
		lastRead = System.currentTimeMillis() + 10000;
	}

	/**
	 * Start reading the provided URL
	 */
	public void run() {
		running = true;
		while (running) {
			try {
				// if a url was provided read it
				if (streamLocation != null) {
					logger.info("Start reading stream: " + streamLocation);
					mediaReader = ToolFactory.makeReader(streamLocation);
					lastRead = System.currentTimeMillis() + 10000;
					frameNr = 0;
					rtmpWriter = new RTMPWriter(576,704,30.0,streamName);
					mediaReader.addListener(this);
					while (mediaReader.readPacket() == null && running);
					// reset internal state
					rtmpWriter.setFinish();
					mediaReader.close();
				} else {
					logger.error("No stream provided, nothing to read");
					break;
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				logger.warn("Stream closed unexpectatly: " + e.getMessage(), e);
				// sleep a minute and try to read the stream again
				sleep(60 * 1000);
			}
		}
		running = false;
	}

	public void sleep(int ms) {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(ms);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame
	 */
	public void onVideoPicture(IVideoPictureEvent event) {
		lastRead = System.currentTimeMillis();
		if (frameNr % frameSkip < groupSize) {
			IVideoPicture picture = event.getPicture();
			rtmpWriter.write(frameNr, picture);
			// enforced throttling
			if (sleepTime > 0)
				sleep(sleepTime);
		}
		frameNr++;
	}

	/**
	 * Tells the StreamReader to stop reading frames
	 */
	public void stop() {
		running = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns whether the StreamReader is still active or not
	 * @return
	 */
	public boolean isRunning() {
		// kill this thread if the last frame read is to long ago
		// (means Xuggler missed the EoF) and clear resources
		if (lastRead > 0 && System.currentTimeMillis() - lastRead > 3000) {
			running = false;
			if (mediaReader != null && mediaReader.getContainer() != null)
				mediaReader.getContainer().close();
			return this.running;
		}
		return true;
	}
}

rtmp服务器的搭建方法请参考这里。

rtmp的writer：

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import com.xuggle.xuggler.ICodec;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IContainer;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IContainerFormat;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IPacket;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IPixelFormat;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IRational;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IStream;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IStreamCoder;
import com.xuggle.xuggler.IVideoPicture;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.management.RuntimeErrorException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class RTMPWriter {
	private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RTMPWriter.class);
	// private static String url = "";
	private String url = "rtmp://localhost:1935/live1/";
	private String appName = "";
	private int height = 0;
	private int width = 0;
	private IStreamCoder coder = null;
	private IContainer container = null;
	private Boolean isfinish = false;

    //rtmp writer中需要获取rtsp流图像的宽和高，帧频作为编码参数
    //rtmp服务器的地址格式一般为：ip+端口+地址+应用名称
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	public RTMPWriter(int height, int width, double frameRate, String appName) {
		container = IContainer.make();
		IContainerFormat containerFormat = IContainerFormat.make();
		containerFormat.setOutputFormat("flv", url + appName, null);
		// set the buffer length xuggle will suggest to ffmpeg for reading inputs
		container.setInputBufferLength(0);
		int retVal = container.open(url + appName, IContainer.Type.WRITE,
				containerFormat);
		if (retVal < 0) {
			logger.error("Could not open output container for live stream");
		} else {
			logger.info("hava opened server " + url + appName + " for write!");
		}
		IStream stream = container.addNewStream(0);
		coder = stream.getStreamCoder();
		ICodec codec = ICodec.findEncodingCodec(ICodec.ID.CODEC_ID_H264);
		if (codec == null) {
			logger.warn("cannot find h264 encoding codec!");
			Collection<ICodec> icodec_collections = ICodec.getInstalledCodecs();
			Iterator<ICodec> iterator = icodec_collections.iterator();
			while (iterator.hasNext()) {
				ICodec icodec = iterator.next();
				logger.info("Your system supports codec:" + icodec.getName());
			}
		} else {
			coder.setCodec(codec);
		}
		coder.setNumPicturesInGroupOfPictures(5);
		coder.setBitRate(256000);
		coder.setPixelType(IPixelFormat.Type.YUV420P);
		if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
			logger.error("cannot get the real size of the stream needed to read");
		}
		coder.setHeight(height);
		coder.setWidth(width);
		coder.setFlag(IStreamCoder.Flags.FLAG_QSCALE, true);
		coder.setGlobalQuality(0);
		IRational rationalFrameRate = IRational.make(frameRate);
		coder.setFrameRate(rationalFrameRate);
		coder.setTimeBase(IRational.make(rationalFrameRate.getDenominator(),
				rationalFrameRate.getNumerator()));
		coder.open();
		logger.info("[ENCODER] address: " + url + appName + 
				"\n video size is " + width + "x" + height 
				+ " and framerate is " + frameRate);
		if (container.writeHeader() < 0) 
		  throw new RuntimeException("cannot write header");
	}

	public void setFinish() {
		this.isfinish = true;
	}

	public void write(long frameNr, IVideoPicture picture) {
		IPacket packet = IPacket.make();
		if (frameNr == 0) {
			// make first frame keyframe
			picture.setKeyFrame(true);
		}
		picture.setQuality(0);
		coder.encodeVideo(packet, picture, 0);
		picture.delete();

		if (packet.isComplete()) {
			if (container.writePacket(packet) < 0) {
				throw new RuntimeException("cannot write packet");
			} else {
				logger.info("[ENCODER] writing packet of size " + packet.getSize());
			}  
		}
		if (isfinish) {
			if (container.writeTrailer() < 0)
				throw new RuntimeException("cannot write Trailer");
			coder.close();
			container.close();
		} 
	}
}

到这里已经实现了rtsp流推送到rtsp的服务器。下一步即为rtmp流的显示。使用的是flowplayer。

FlowPlayer 是一个用Flash开发的在Web上的视频播放器，可以很容易将它集成在任何的网页上。支持HTTP以及流媒体传输。

FlowPlayer的示例程序可以点击此处下载。(FlowPlayer是商业软件，此处仅作测试，请支持正版)

下载flowplay并实现以下的html，即可。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="flowplayer-3.2.13.min.js"></script>
<title>RTSP Camera to RTMP Player</title>
</head>


<body>	
	<h1>RTSP Camera to RTMP Player</h1>

	
	<!-- this A tag is where your Flowplayer will be placed. it can be anywhere -->
	<a  
		 href="#"
		 style="display:block;width:520px;height:330px"  
		 id="player"> 
	</a> 
	
	<!-- this will install flowplayer inside previous A- tag. -->
	<!-- 修改url为rtmp的应用名称，netConnectionUrl为rtmp服务器的地址 -->
	<script>
	flowplayer("player", "flowplayer-3.2.18.swf",{ 
		clip: { 
		  url: 'app',
		  provider: 'rtmp',
		  live: true, 
		},  
		plugins: {  
		   rtmp: {  
			 url: 'flowplayer.rtmp-3.2.13.swf',  
			 netConnectionUrl: 'rtmp://localhost:1935/live1'
		   } 
	   } 
	});
	</script>


	<p>		
		Sample RTMP URL (Live) is "rtmp://live.hkstv.hk.lxdns.com/live/hks"
	</p>
	
</body>
</html>

启动rtmp服务器，实例化上面的RTSPReader类并传入相应的rtsp摄像头地址，再打开这个网页即可看到摄像头直播。可以使用VLC打开rtsp流对比观看。
rtsp示例地址: rtsp://streaming3.webcam.nl:1935/n224/n224.stream

另外推荐一个世界各地的摄像头直播网站，很有趣: 世界各地的摄像头

ffmpeg 命令直接 转rtsp为rtmp

上面是使用java库转rtsp为rtmp。
ffmpeg直接就可以通过命令将rtsp转rtmp

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ffmpeg -i rtsp://地址  -f flv  rtmp://localhost:1935/live1/app

方案三的具体实现

这套方案参考地址为：使用 WebSockets 进行 HTML5 视频直播 - SegmentFault

具体实现如下：
来自rtsp摄像头的视频被 ffmpeg 编码，然后通过 HTTP 传递给一个 Node.js 写的小脚本；脚本会将这条 MPEG 视频流通过 WebSockets 分发给所有链接的浏览器；浏览器使用 JavaScript 解码 MPEG 视频流并将解码后的画面渲染到 Canvas 元素上。

  1. 安装nodejs

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    sudo apt-get install nodejs
    sudo apt-get install npm
    sudo apt-get install node-legacy

  2. 下载 phoboslab/jsmpeg 项目的 stream-server.js 脚本。安装 WebSocket包ws并启动服务器： 

    npm install ws
node stream-server.js 你的密码

    这里的密码是用来确视频流不被劫持用的。如果服务器运行正常，你应该会看到这样的输出： 

    Listening for MPEG Stream on http://127.0.0.1:8082/<secret>/<width>/<height>
Awaiting WebSocket connections on ws://127.0.0.1:8084/

  3. 服务器启动后，你就可以启动 ffmpeg 并将它指向到正在运行的这个域名和端口了： 

    ffmpeg -i rtsp://admin:12345@10.124.142.15:554/h264/ch1/main/av_stream  -f mpeg1video  -r 25  -s 640x480  http://localhost:8082/123456/640/480/

    这条命令会开始从rtsp流捕捉 640x480 的视频，并编码成 25fps 码率的 MPEG 视频。编码后的视频会通过 HTTP 被发送到所指定的服务器和端口。确保密码正确，URL 中的长和宽也需要正确指定，否则服务器无法正确判断当前的分辨率。

  4. 要观看直播，需要从前文提到的 jsmpeg 项目中下载 stream-example.html 和 jsmpg.js 文件，更改 stream-example.html 中的 WebSocket URL 为你的服务器地址，并使用你喜欢的浏览器打开。

如果一切正常，你就能看到摄像头画面。

总结

以上三种方案得到的结果都会有延时，具体的分析未完待续。





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文章目录
  1. 1. FFmpeg和Xuggle的简介
  2. 2. 方案一的具体实现
  3. 3. 方案二的具体实现
    1. 3.1. xuggle库转rtsp为rtmp
    2. 3.2. ffmpeg 命令直接 转rtsp为rtmp
  4. 4. 方案三的具体实现
  5. 5. 总结